There are many sub-species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. Here are some of them that are used in probiotics.
Lactobacillus acidophilus resides in the small intestine of humans. Studies suggest that it may help control intestinal infections and reduce the onset of diarrhoea. It also improves digestion of milk products by breaking down milk sugar (lactose). It has been well documented that Lactobacillus acidophilus produces natural antibiotics like lactocidin, acidophilin, etc., which enhance resistance or immunity. Lactobacillus acidophilus has known antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, E.coli and Candida albicans.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus was originally isolated from the intestinal tract of humans. It has been used to deliver and release lactase enzyme in the stomach and small intestine to break down lactose. Studies suggest that Lactobacillus rhamnosus stimulates an immune response against foreign intestinal organisms, and prevents rotoviral or Clostridium difficile-induced diarrhea. It is normally found in small intestine, and is known for its strong tolerance to acids and bile salts. It also increases the immunoglobulins such as IgA, IgG, and IgM, and stimulates the immune system to modulate immune responses. It is also known to help immune related diseases such as atopic dermatitis and asthma.
Lactobacillus salvarius resides in the mouth and small intestine. During metabolic functions, the bacteria produce enzymes that are toxic to undesirable bacteria. It can survive in both anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic (with oxygen) environments. This is a decided advantage over the well-known Lactobacillus acidophilus, which has little or no growth in an aerobic environment.
Bifidobacterium bifidum takes up residence primarily in the mucous lining of the large intestine, and in the vaginal tract. Bifidobacterium bifidum prevents the colonization of bacteria such as E. coli, Clostridium, and Salmonella by attaching to the intestinal wall and crowding out these unfriendly bacteria and yeasts. Bifidobacterium bifidum also produces lactic and acetic acids, which also inhibit the pathogens. Research on Bifidobacteria has shown that it enhances the assimilation of minerals such as iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc.
Bifidobacterium infantis is vital for the health of babies when the foundations of a healthy immune system are being built. A study has shown a there is significantly more Bifidobacterium infantis in the feces of babies with low rates of allergies than in the feces of children with high rates of allergies.
It is highly recommended that children undergoing Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment should supplement probiotics as some species like Lactobacillus acidophilus do not survive in oxygen-rich environments. Other species like Lactobacillus salvarius do grow in oxygen-rich environments.
